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7487
From: pamela, [DNS_Address]
Subject: These Ancient Bricks Exposed a Dramatic Change in Earth’s Magnetic Fie
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These Ancient Bricks Exposed a Dramatic Change in Earth’s Magnetic Field Story by Tim Newcomb • 4mo • 3 min read Ancient bricks may be key to understanding Earth’s variable magnetic fields. Scientists examined the iron oxide levels of 3,000- year-old bricks to understand the level of magnetism the bricks were exposed to at the time they were fired. The strategy could be a new way to date ancient artifacts void of organic matter. Ancient bricks can apparently tell the story of dramatic shifts in the strength of Earth’s magnetic field, opening up a new world of artifact dating. A team of researchers, who published their findings in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, showed how the ebb and flow of Earth’s magnetic field remains imprinted on 3,000-year-old Mesopotamian clay bricks thanks to changes within the iron oxide grains. Excitingly, this data could bet the start of an entirely new method of dating ancient artifacts void of organic matter. “We often depend on dating methods such as radiocarbon dates to get a sense of chronology in ancient Mesopotamia,” Mark Altaweel, co-author and archeology professor at University College London, said in a statement. “However, some of the most common cultural remains, such as bricks and ceramics, cannot typically be easily dated because they don’t contain organic material. This work now helps create an important dating baseline that allows others to benefit from absolute dating using archaeomagnetism.” Related video: See Earth's Lithospheric Magnetic Field (Dailymotion) This new term, archaeomagnetism, refers to the signature of the Earth’s magnetic field in archaeological items. Not only can it help with dating artifacts, but may also teach experts more about the history of Earth’s magnetic field, which changes in strength over time. It turns out that our planet’s magnetosphere imprints a distinct signature on minerals, such as iron oxide, as they are heated. So, when workers fired clay bricks, they were locking in evidence of the relative strength of Earth’s magnetic field for all of time. Finding the strength of the magnetic field by itself— without something to tie it to—may help us better understand the history of our planet, but it doesn’t help much with dating the artifacts being examined. To do that, the team chose 32 bricks from archaeological sites throughout the region that used to be Mesopotamia, each inscribed with the name of a reigning king. “The well-dated archaeological remains of the rich Mesopotamian cultures, especially bricks inscribed with names of specific kings, provide an unprecedented opportunity to study changes in the field strength in high time resolution,” Lisa Tauxe, co-author and professor at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, said in a statement, “tracking changes that occurred over several decades or even less.” It wasn’t an easy process. Analyzing the iron oxide grains meant studying tiny fragments from the broken faces of the bricks and employing a magnetometer to precisely measure those remains. "By comparing ancient artifacts to what we know about ancient conditions of the magnetic field,” Matthew Howland, lead author and Wichita State University professor, said in a statement, “we can estimate the dates of any artifacts that were heated up in ancient times.” It may not have been simple, but it was successful. Mapping the measured magnetic strength of the iron oxide grains to the imprinted name and known time of that person’s rule allowed the team to create a historical map of the shifts in the magnetic field. Combining science and history in this way allowed experts a unique look into the past—both of the object being analyzed and of our planet. And it turns out that using the timelines of the kings— some of whom had reigns that lasted only a few years— can provide an even narrower dating window than radiocarbon dating, which often only can get within a few hundred years. This new ancient map also highlighted some unique occurrences in our planet’s history. It managed to confirm an event known as the Levantine Iron Age geomagnetic Anomaly—when the magnetic field was unusually strong from about 1050 to 550 BC. It also showed a dramatic change in the field over a relatively short period of time during the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II) from 604 to 562 BC), offering evidence that rapid spikes in intensity within our magnetic field can—and do—occur. “This research,” the authors wrote in the study, “establishes a baseline for the use of archaeomagnetic analysis as an absolute dating technique for archaeological materials from Mesopotamia.” |
7493
From: EQF, [DNS_Address]
Subject: Thanks Mr. Bopp And People Posting Notes - June 4, 2024
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Posted by EQF on June 4, 2024 What is being discussed in this post is my present understanding of various topics. It is possible that some of what I think is happening might be incorrect. So, don't quote me in your college thesis or research paper! Four Topics: Topic 1 - Regarding using magnetic domains in bricks etc. to determine the date of the brick's creation. It constantly surprises and even shocks me to see how relatively simple science methodology that could have and likely should have been developed ages ago such as brick dating is only now getting done. Scientists have been dating Earth crust layers for a long time by studying the orientation of magnetic materials in the crust layers. One would think that the people who do this type of work would have long ago discovered the fact that magnetic materials in bricks etc. could be used to help determine the age of the bricks. Life and science are both full of constant surprises. Topic 2 - Thanks Mr. Bopp and people posting notes to this forum. There are endless numbers of interesting scientific papers being constantly published. It is likely impossible for any one person to keep track of them. Something I discovered a while ago is that many of the most important of those papers are being referenced in these Boppin forum Web pages. As one consequence, I myself don't need to constantly check various Web sites such as physics.org to watch for the best papers. Just visiting these Boppin forum Web pages gets the job done fairly well. Some of the discoveries that are being discussed here absolutely amaze me. For example, I saw the latest news regarding "Bird Flu" after reading one of the posts to these Web pages. Topic 3 - Quantum Physics The following information should be surprising to probably most of the people visiting the Boppin forum. To be a highly successful scientist and inventor these days, a person almost HAS to have at least a moderately good understanding of a very strange area of science known as Quantum Physics. This is because events that are taking place at the atomic level can actually strongly affect things that are taking place at the macro level where we actually observe things. Two of the most important Quantum Physics laws or discoveries are: A - The location etc. of subatomic entities such as electrons cannot be specified until a person actually observes the entity. Before that is done the electron etc. can in theory be at any location in the universe. Before being observed, the electron's location has to be specified with "Wave Equations" that say what the probability is that the electron will be at a particular location, or on the other side of the galaxy. B - Two electrons or other small entities can become "Entangled." This is something that Albert Einstein referred to as "Spooky Action At A Distance." Electrons, for example have a "Spin" property. That doesn't mean that they are spinning on an axis like the Earth but rather that Spin Up and Spin Down electrons will behave differently when they are in a magnetic field. If the Spin of one of a pair of Entangled electrons is measured and it is found to be a Spin Up electron, then its entangled partner will always be a Spin Down electron. This happens regardless of how far apart the two electrons are from one another when the measurements are made. Einstein reportedly and famously found it very difficult to deal with that Entanglement reality. One of the extremely important Real World or macro world applications of these Quantum Physics discoveries has to do with the conversion of sunlight to plant material such as stems and leafs through photosynthesis by the green material in plant leafs. The capture of a sunlight photon and then the creation of the energized atom or ion or molecule that is used by the plant takes place so fast that scientists were only relatively recently able to determine how those capture and conversion processes work. Good luck to anyone who is not a biologist with understanding those complex processes even though they are described in detail in numerous and high quality videos on the Internet. Reading those processes I only relatively recently learned that green plants are not the only things that can capture and use sunlight energy. There are entities that have a purple color that can do the same thing. I don't remember if the capture and conversion mechanisms are the same for both the green and purple plants. Additionally, people have proposed that if there are any "Little Green Men" in outer space, they would actually more likely be "Little Purple Men." The reason for this is fact that the Purple Plants were around before the Green Plants. What happened is that the Purple Plants hogged all of the sunlight that had the wavelengths that they rely on. Green Plants had to start using what frequencies were left such as more red color frequencies. Plants actually Reflect green light. They don't actually use it. What people observe is that Reflected light. So, where are all the Purple Plants? This has to do with "Survival Of The Fittest." Green Plants are apparently more efficient with capturing and making use of sunlight than the Purple Plants. So they basically shoved the Purple Plant out of the way. The Purple ones can still be found at various locations. Finally, if I correctly understood what I saw or read, some entangled subatomic entities can seem to travel "Backwards In Time." I need to do a lot more reading on this to determine if that is what scientists who do this type of work are actually saying. If that phenomenon is in fact real, in my opinion, it is a lot more amazing and even frightening than Einstein's "Spooky Action At A Distance." Topic 4 - Cold Fusion This is probably the REAL "Holy Grail" of energy generation rather than hydrogen fusion that involves an extremely hot plasma. In theory, Cold Fusion involves getting the cores of hydrogen atoms etc. to combine into helium atoms at normal room temperatures. This subject became tremendously important decades ago when researchers proposed that they had discovered how to get it to work. Unfortunately, it was eventually decided that what they were seeing or thought that they were seeing was really not Cold Fusion. After reading enough regarding Quantum Physics I have now formed a theory for how people might actually be able to get Cold Fusion to work. I have a very large number of projects such as that one and don't have enough free time to actually explore them in detail in spite of how important any one of them might be. These are personal opinions. Regards to all, EQF |
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7497
From: kay.so.or, [DNS_Address]
Subject: Re: Thanks Mr. Bopp And People Posting Notes - June 4, 2024
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yeah!!!! good to hear.....i, this crazy artist discovered i high school.then, in college, that i love science of all kinds!physical science especially intrigued me and still does to this day, i have wished many times i had gone into a different field of study and work!!!you made me smile:-) |
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7489
From: Jeff/Lake Almanor,CA, [DNS_Address]
Subject: Why Is Pottery So Lasting?
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Scientists say that the world has been spinning for more than 4.5 billion years. Human beings have been walking the earth for approximately the last 200,000 years and civilization as we know it has been around for the last 6,000 years. That’s a lot of human history! Ancient PotteryThroughout all that time, most of the proof of our existence has been washed away, broken into dust, or melted into nothing. But there is one item that many of those long-ago civilizations created that has truly stood the test of time: pottery. Many pieces of pottery have lasted millennia, with the oldest piece of pottery ever discovered being more than 18,000 years old, according to radiocarbon dating. And that’s not all. Museums carry numerous relics that date back to the Roman Empire, ancient Greece and ancient Egypt. More @ link |
7491
From: ryan, [DNS_Address]
Subject: Re: Why Is Pottery So Lasting?
| its the plastic of the ancients...lasts as long or longer but does not pollute or kill... |
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7490
From: pamela, [DNS_Address]
Subject: Re: Why Is Pottery So Lasting?
| Thanks Jeff for your input- appreciate it and you. |
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7488
From: georg, [DNS_Address]
Subject: Re: These Ancient Bricks Exposed a Dramatic Change in Earth’s...
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which would confirm Velikovsky and holy scripture if five hundred years were added to the dates ... but this could be the close encounter with Mars also |
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