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4888 |
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Date: April 23, 2014 at 08:40:06
From: horst graben, [DNS_Address]
Subject: the 360 day year |
URL: http://www.examiner.com/article/360-day-year-no-coincidence |
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Responses:
[4892] [4894] [4895] [4898] [4897] [4893] [4899] [4900] [4901] [4902] [4904] [4905] |
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4892 |
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Date: April 25, 2014 at 18:58:41
From: trapper/austin, [DNS_Address]
Subject: Re: the 360 day year |
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that makes good sense to me. like a ballerina bringing her arms in and spinning faster.
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Responses:
[4894] [4895] [4898] [4897] [4893] [4899] [4900] [4901] [4902] [4904] [4905] |
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4894 |
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Date: April 26, 2014 at 15:55:16
From: horst graben, [DNS_Address]
Subject: Re: discussion of the 360 day year begins at page 331 |
URL: http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/archivos_pdf/worlds-collision.pdf |
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at the link ... with ... as stated ... footnotes for every attribution made by the author
modern science could not ... and cannot ... account for a 360 day year and attribute it to some "error" in the mathematics of the ancients
even so ... that "error" they suppose exists ... would have to be propagated throughout the world
because every record examined yields the same information ... prior to the eighth century before the Christian era ... the year was constituted of 360 days
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Responses:
[4895] [4898] [4897] |
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4895 |
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Date: April 27, 2014 at 00:33:05
From: Nasirah, [DNS_Address]
Subject: Re: discussion of the 360 day year begins at page 331 |
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The year hasn't changed, at least not during human history. If it had, how
are so many ancient monuments, like stonehenge, aligned to the rising
and setting of the sun during the solstice?
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Responses:
[4898] [4897] |
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4898 |
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Date: April 27, 2014 at 09:26:24
From: horst graben, [DNS_Address]
Subject: Re: clay tablets from Nineveh distinguish three paths of the sun |
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The Reforming of the Calendar (pages 349-352)
In the middle of the eighth century the calendar then in use became obsolete. From the year —747 until the last of the catastrophes on the twenty-third of March, —687, the solar and lunar movements changed repeatedly, necessitating adjustments of the calendar. Reforms undertaken during this time soon became obsolete in their turn, and were replaced by new ones; only after the last catastrophe of —687, when the present world order was established, did the calendar become permanent.
Some of the clay tablets of Nineveh found in the royal library of that city (1) contain astronomical observations made during the period before the present order in the planetary system was established. One tablet fixes the day of the vernal equinox as the sixth of Nisan: "On the sixth of the month Nisan, the day and night are equal." But another tablet places the equinox on the fifteenth of Nisan. "We cannot explain the difference," wrote a scholar. (2) Judging by the accurate methods employed and the precision achieved in their observations, the stargazers of Nineveh would not have erred by nine days.
In the astronomical tablets of Nineveh "three systems of planets" are extensively represented; single planets are followed in all their movements in three different schedules. For the movements of the moon there are two different systems. (3) Each of these systems is carried out down to the smallest detail, but only the last system of the planets and of the moon conforms to the present world order.
According to Tablet No. 93, the perihelion, or the point on the earth's orbit that is nearest the sun, is defined as the twentieth degree of the sign of the zodiac called the Archer; at aphelion, when the earth is farthest from the sun, the sun is said to be at the twentieth degree of Gemini. Accordingly, these points are designated as stations of the fastest and slowest solar motion. "But the real position of the apsides decidedly contradicts these statements." (4) Another tablet, No. 272, seventy years younger than the first, gives very different data for the perihelion and aphelion, and scholars wonder at this. All the numerous data on solar movements in one of the systems lead to one and the same conclusion. "The solstitial and equinoctial points of the ecliptic lay 6° too far to the east." (5)
"The distances traveled by the moon on the Chaldean ecliptic from one new moon to the next are, according to Tablet No. 272, on the average 3° 14' too great." (6) This means that during a lunar month the moon moved a greater distance in relation to the fixed stars than present observation shows.
In Tablet No. 32, the movement of the sun along the zodiac is precisely calculated in degrees, and the station of the sun at the beginning of each lunar month is determined exactly; but it is "a perplexing presentation of the ununiform movement of the sun. The question is insistent: Why is it that the Babylonians formulated the nonuniformity of the solar movement precisely in this way?" (7)
As the various systems recorded in the astronomical tablets of Nineveh show, the world order changed repeatedly in the course of a single century. Hence, the Chaldean astronomers had the task of repeatedly readjusting the calendar. "From certain passages in the astrological tablets it is easy to see that the calculation of times and seasons was one of the chief duties of the astrologers in Mesopotamia." (8)
The scholars ask: How could those men, employed for that very purpose, have made the egregious mistakes recorded in the tablets, and carried these mistakes over into systems in which the movements of the sun, the moon, and the five planets were recorded with repetitions at regular intervals, these movements and intervals being consistently different from those of the present celestial order?
How could the stargazers who composed the earlier tablets be so careless as to maintain that the year is 360 days long, a mistake that in six years accumulates to a full month of divergence; or how could the astronomers of the royal observatories announce to the king the movements of the moon and its phases on wrong dates, though a child can tell when the moon is new, (9) and then record all this in very scholarly tablets requiring advanced mathematical knowledge? (10) Hence scholars speak of "enigmatic mistakes." (11)
However, it appears to us that the tablets with their changing astronomical systems reflect the changing order of the world and consequent attempts to adjust the calendar to the changes.
When the cataclysm of the 23rd of March, —687 brought about another disturbance in the length of the year and the month, the new standards remained uncertain until they could be calculated anew in a series of investigations.
From the time of that catastrophe until about the year —669 or —667, no New Year festivals were observed at Babylon. (12) "Eight years under Sennacherib, twelve years under Esarhaddon: for twenty years ... the New Year's festival was omitted," says an ancient chronicle on a clay tablet. (13)
According to cuneiform inscriptions, in the days of Sargon II a new world age began, and in the days of his son Sennacherib another world age. (14)
In the days of Assurbanipal, son of Esarhaddon, son of Sennacherib, the planetary movements, the precession of the equinoxes, and the periodic returns of the eclipses were recalculated, and these new tablets, together with the older ones or copies of the older ones, were stored in the palace library at Nineveh.
The tablets from Nineveh provide the best possible opportunity to learn how the order of the world changed in the eighth and seventh centuries.
Repeated changes in the course of the sun across the firmament led the astronomers of Babylonia to distinguish three paths of the sun: the Anu path, the Enlil path, and the Ea path.
These three paths created much difficulty for the writers on Babylonian astronomy, and many explanations were offered and as many rejected. (15)
The Anu, Enlil, and Ea paths of the planets across the sky appear to denote the successive ecliptics in various world ages. Like the sun, the planets in different times moved along the Anu, Enlil, and Ea paths.
(1) The palace of Nineveh was the residence of Sargon II, Sennacherib, Esarhaddon, and Assurbanipal.
(2) J. Menant, La Bibliotheque du palais de Ninive (1880), p. 100.
(3) Kugler, Die babilonische Mondrechnung: Zwei Systeme der Chaldaer uber den Lauf des Mondes und der Sonne, pp. 207-209.
(4) Ihid., p. 90.
(5) Ibid., p. 72.
(6) Ibid., p. 90.
(7) Ibid., p. 67.
(8) R. C. Thompson, The Reports of the Magicians and Astrologers of Nineveh and Babylon, II, xviii.
(9) "The class of magicians who calculated the length of the months and published information concerning them formed a very important section of the Babylonian and Assyrian priesthood." Ibid., p. xxiii.
(10) C. Bezold, "Astronomie, Himmelschau und Astrallehre bei den Babyloniern," in Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, philos.-histor. Klasse, 1911, expresses the opinion that before the sixth century the Babylonians were unaware of the relative lengths of the solar year and 12 lunar months. See also Gundel, Dekane und Dekansternbilder, p. 379.
(11) Kugler, Die Mondrechnung, p. 90.
(12) S. Smith, Babylonian Historical Texts, p. 22.
(13) Ibid., p. 25.
(14) A. Jeremias, Der alte Orient und die agyptische Religion (1907), p. 17; Winckler, Forschungen, III, 300.
(15) Bezold, Zenit und Aequatorialgestirne am babylonischen Fixsternhimmel (1913), p. 6; M. Jastrow, The Civilization of Babylonia and Assyria (1915), p. 261.
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Responses:
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4897 |
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Date: April 27, 2014 at 08:31:04
From: horst graben, [DNS_Address]
Subject: Re: do stones speak ... do written records exist? (NT) |
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Responses:
None |
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4893 |
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Date: April 26, 2014 at 12:10:07
From: horst graben, [DNS_Address]
Subject: Re: all the facts ... with footnotes ... about the 360 day year |
URL: http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/ciencia/esp_ciencia_velikovsky06.htm |
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can be found in a book called "Worlds in Collision"
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Responses:
[4899] [4900] [4901] [4902] [4904] [4905] |
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4899 |
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Date: April 28, 2014 at 09:35:35
From: JTRIV, [DNS_Address]
Subject: Re: all the facts ... with footnotes ... about the 360 day year |
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Hi HG,
> can be found in a book called "Worlds in Collision"
Should have known such a foolish claim would be from Velikovsky. This is based on more of Velikovsky's poor research skills.
The Egyptians were the first to create a 365 day calendar based on the rising of Sirius about 2782 BC.
The main problem with Velikovsky's ideas of the changing of the orbit of the moon and rotation of the Earth is the HUGE amount of energy to make such a change would be catastrophic to planet Earth. This is very similar to Velikovsky's not understanding the physics of the orbits of the planets and the unrealistic movements of Venus and Mars in his fairytale.
Velikovsky was a psychiatrist and his poor language skills and lack of understanding of basic physics created some fantastic stories with no basis in fact.
Cheers
Jim
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Responses:
[4900] [4901] [4902] [4904] [4905] |
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4900 |
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Date: April 29, 2014 at 11:37:52
From: horst graben, [DNS_Address]
Subject: Re: you've got nothing ... in fact it's apparent you are delusional |
URL: http://www.webexhibits.org/calendars/calendar-ancient.html |
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"In the eighth century B.C.E., civilizations all over the world either discarded or modified their old 360 day calendars. The 360 day calendars had been in use for the greater part of a millennium. In many places, month lengths immediately after that change were not fixed, but were based instead upon observation of the sky."
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Responses:
[4901] [4902] [4904] [4905] |
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4901 |
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Date: April 29, 2014 at 12:11:17
From: JTRIV, [DNS_Address]
Subject: Re: your reading isn't very careful, you see what you want to see |
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Hi HG,
There are many reports of the 365 day calendar from thousands of years ago.
From your own link:
The Egyptian calendar
Overview
The earliest Egyptian calendar was based on the moon’s cycles, but the lunar calendar failed to predict a critical event in their lives: the annual flooding of the Nile river. The Egyptians soon noticed that the first day the "Dog Star," which we call Sirius, in Canis Major was visible right before sunrise was special. The Egyptians were probably the first to adopt a mainly solar calendar. This so-called ‘heliacal rising’ always preceded the flood by a few days. Based on this knowledge, they devised a 365-day calendar that seems to have begun in 4236 B.C.E., the earliest recorded year in history.
They eventually had a system of 36 stars to mark out the year and in the end had three different calendars working concurrently for over 2000 years: a stellar calendar for agriculture, a solar year of 365 days (12 months x 30 + 5 extra) and a quasi-lunar calendar for festivals. The later Egyptian calendars developed sophisticated Zodiac systems, as in the stone calendar at right. According to the famed Egyptologist J. H. Breasted, the earliest date known in the Egyptian calendar corresponds to 4236 B.C.E. in terms of the Gregorian calendar.
And from another link:
Part 1: Ancient Calendars - Aztec, Egyptian, and Sumerian Calendars - Stonehenge
The earliest Egyptian calendar was based on the moon's cycles, but later the Egyptians realized that the "Dog Star" in Canis Major, which is now called Sirius, rose next to the sun every 365 days, about when the annual inundation of the Nile began. Based on this knowledge, they devised a 365-day calendar that seems to have begun in 4236 B.C., the earliest recorded year in history.
Cheers
Jim
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Responses:
[4902] [4904] [4905] |
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4902 |
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Date: April 29, 2014 at 16:24:31
From: horst graben, [DNS_Address]
Subject: Re: as is your reading ... read all the words at the link provided |
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Responses:
[4904] [4905] |
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4904 |
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Date: April 29, 2014 at 18:04:53
From: JTRIV, [DNS_Address]
Subject: Re: I did |
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Hi HG,
> read all the words at the link provided
You bet. Actually an interesting page on ancient calendars. But it contradicts your original link claiming that the Earth once had a 360 day year. The Web Exhibit link discusses Egyptian calendars dating before the supposed change in the 8th century BC and it discusses why early calendars of 360 were modified.
From the examiner link in your first post:
The most ancient calendars all assumed a 360 day year. But why, when astronomers have long known that a year is about 365.24 days? Because the earth once had a 360 day year, and something changed. The ancients remembered the 360 day year. But they forgot how the year changed, or even that it changed, for centuries after the event.
In fact there is a great deal of discussion on the 360 day calendar changing to a 365 day calendar as the 360 day calendar didn't match a solar year and didn't allow the people to use their calendars to predict yearly events such as floods or planting season.
Cheers
Jim
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Responses:
[4905] |
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4905 |
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Date: April 30, 2014 at 05:18:48
From: horst graben, [DNS_Address]
Subject: Re: you so funny ... you don't understand what you read (NT) |
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Responses:
None |
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