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16887
From: Captainj, [DNS_Address]
Subject: Shipping’s Decarbonization Target Seen Costing At Least $1 Trillion
URL: http://gcaptain.com/shippings-decarbonization-target-seen-costing-at-least-1-trillion/
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At least $1 trillion of investment in new fuel technology is needed to enable the shipping industry to meet U.N. targets for cuts in carbon emissions by 2050, a study published on Monday showed. The global shipping fleet, which accounts for 2.2% of the world’s CO2 emissions, is under pressure to reduce those emissions and other pollution. About 90% of world trade is transported by sea. U.N. shipping agency, the International Maritime Organization (IMO), aims to reduce the industry’s greenhouse gas emissions by 50% from 2008 levels by 2050, a target that will require the swift development of zero or low emission fuels and new ship designs using cleaner technology. In the first study into costs, researchers estimated that the cumulative investment needed between 2030 and 2050 would be between $1 trillion to $1.4 trillion, or an average of $50 billion to $70 billion annually for 20 years. If the shipping industry was to fully decarbonise by 2050, this would require further investment of some $400 billion over 20 years, bringing the total to $1.4 trillion to $1.9 trillion. “Our analysis suggests we will see a disruptive and rapid change to align to a new zero carbon system, with fossil fuel aligned assets becoming obsolete or needing significant modification,” said Tristan Smith, reader at University College London’s (UCL) Energy Institute, which was involved in the study. Apart from more than a decade of tough market conditions, the shipping industry is also contending with the exit of many European banks from providing finance, leaving a capital shortfall of tens of billions of dollars annually. Around 87% of investments needed would be in land-based infrastructure and production facilities for low-carbon fuels, the study said. This includes investments in the production of low-carbon fuels as well as the land-based storage and bunkering infrastructure needed for their supply. The remaining 13% of investments are related to the ships themselves including the machinery and onboard storage required for a ship to run on low-carbon fuel. “Sustainable investing is here to stay,” said Michael Parker, chairman of Global Shipping Logistics & Offshore at Citigroup. The estimates were based on ammonia being the primary zero carbon fuel choice. The study was carried out by UMAS which includes UCL and the Energy Transitions Commission, a panel of global experts. It was conducted on behalf of the non-profit Getting to Zero Coalition, which includes the Global Maritime Forum and World Economic Forum, which is meeting in Davos this week. |
16888
From: ryan, [DNS_Address]
Subject: Re: Shipping’s Decarbonization Target Seen Costing At Least $1...
| a small price to pay... |
16889
From: Jeff/Lake Almanor,CA, [DNS_Address]
Subject: Facts about Carbon and Ashes to Ashes
URL: https://www.livescience.com/28698-facts-about-carbon.html
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We all follow suit. We are all made of carbon, and can't live without it. We all return to earth, adding nothing more then we were made of, and found here. We create products and find and mine elements, that we leave here when were done. Sedimentary layers are made from days gone by. We will all be a sedimentary layer someday, and our successors will mine us up someday, and find a use for us. As we did with our predecessors. The Earth has been in far worse times, then she is or will ever be with us. |
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[16890]
16890
From: pamela, [DNS_Address]
Subject: Re: Facts about Carbon and Ashes to Ashes/I love co2
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About CO2 Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the principal gas that trees and other plants need to survive, just like oxygen (O2) is the principal gas that humans and other animals require. Trees absorb CO2 and release O2 — animals inhale O2 and exhale CO2. See how nice this all works! Earth’s first, primitive forests made their prolific debut 300 million years ago during the Carboniferous Period. Before then, the atmosphere held far more CO2 but concentrations declined throughout the Carboniferous Period as plants flourished. During the Carboniferous Period the atmosphere became greatly depleted of CO2 (declining from about 2500 ppm to 350 ppm) so that by the end of the Carboniferous the CO2-impoverished atmosphere was less favorable to plant life and plant growth slowed dramatically. Today, CO2 concentrations are barely at 380 ppm — still CO2-impoverished. Many scientists strongly believe that we should be trying to produce more CO2, not less. And for good reason. more at link |
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