Boyko Georgiev Iliev,emaul: eqpboyko@abv.bg
Abstract.In science, there are some cases, where we
cannot intervene making any analysis in order to
monitor certain causeand-effect relationship. Then we
have to apply the approach of accumulation of already
ascertained coincidences or observed
phenomena, which could be somehow related to the
problem, subject to our study. For instance, if the
statement is that the earth
axis makes 24-hour periodic vibrations (Figure 1) and
that these vibrations are the cause of earthquakes,
then we shall have to
search for coincidences, relationships between
earthquakes and the vibrations of the earth axis. We
cannot stop the vibrations of
the earth axis and see if earthquakes shall stop. Other
visible phenomena due to the shake of the earth axis
could be as follows:
spiral movement of submarine streams in oceans, spiral
movement of tectonic plates, the so called “Corkscrew
theory”, friction
between tectonic plates. Two new relations between the
tidal force of the Moon and earthquakes have been found
in the researches
bellow. A conclusion about a new theory of earthquake
mechanism is derived from these relations.
Key words Earth,pendulum,axis,earthquakes.
Fig. 1
Earth seismic synchronous pendulum
The theory
Earth can be considered as a giant mathematical
pendulum with length,
equal to the mean earth radius, R = 6372 795.5 m. The
period of any mathematical
pendulum is determined by the following formula:
T = 2.п


(1)
Methods and data
The basic method of operating with the data is to find
the average value of the time interval between two
earthquakes.
The average value is interesting because it is
constant. This value shall be compared to the data
obtained from the theory
described above. In the first case, the mean value of
the interval of time between two earthquakes has been
calculated, without
any preset conditions. It turns out that it is equal to
12.01 hours, or 12 h 06 min, Table 3 and Diagram 3.
This case shall be
commented in the conclusions. In the second case the
mean interval of time between two earthquakes has been
found, but
under the condition that the earthquakes have happened
in an interval from 0 to 4 hours. It is shown in Tables
1 and 2. The
respective diagram is attached to each of the tables.
In the interval from 0 to 4 hours, there is coincidence
between the data
from the theory and measuring. This coincidence shall
be commented in the conclusions part. The data
regarding the
earthquakes on Earth have been taken from a catalogue
of earthquakes published in internet. In this case, the
data were taken
from USGS American Catalogue of Earthquakes at
http://earthquake.gov/earthquakes. In this case, the
data concerning the
earthquakes were selected from 1 January 1973 through
20 November 2011. In Table 1 and Table 2 bellow, at the
respective
randomly selected geographic coordinates, the total
number of earthquakes found are shown, and how many of
them have
happened in an interval from 0 to 4 hours. With respect
to those ones which happened within this interval, the
average value
between two earthquakes was calculated. In this case it
is not important if two earthquakes happened in the
same geographic
place, or not. The interval from 0 to 4 hours between
two earthquakes is relevant. The average interval is
for them, which shall
be compared with theoretical period of vibration of the
earth axis calculated above.
Where п = 3.1415, is Pythagoras number, R is the mean
earth radius, R = 6372 795.5
m, g is the earth acceleration;
g = 9.81 m/s2
. Substituting by these magnitudes in formula (1), for
the period, we see it
is Т = 5063 seconds, Т = 1.4066 hours, Т = 1 hour 24
minutes and 23 seconds. This
value of the period is to be understood as a
theoretical period of vibration of the earth
axis. If earth axis vibrated, it would vibrate by this
period. The sense of this theoretical
period consists of the fact that it is calculated
before the body has begun to really
vibrate.
2
Results
Table 1 Dependence of the period on the geographic
place
№
/
AX
IS
X /
GEOGRAPHIC
COORDINATES / axis X /
NUMBER OF
EARTHQUAKES MEAN
INTERVAL
IN
SECONDS
/ AXIS Y /
MAGNITUDE
WIDTH LENGTH TOTAL FROM 0
TO 4 H.
1 from - 50 to 0 from 0 to 360 65530 40115 5069 from М3
to М10
2 from - 50 to 30 from 0 to 360 29143 13520 5121 from
М3 to М10
3 from – 30 to 0 from 0 to 360 41987 18712 5441 from М3
to М10
4 from 0 to 42 from 0 to 29 38452 20773 4573 from М3 to
М10
5 from 0 to 42 from 30 to 59 11462 3188 4290 from М3 to
М10
6 from 0 to 42 from 60 to 89 15340 4346 4767 from М3 to
М10
7 from 0 to 42 from 90 to 119 16802 8059 3211 from М3
to М10
8 from 0 to 42 from 120 to 180 61688 35580 4435 from М3
to М10
9 from 10 to 30 from 0 to 360 36664 18118 4975 from М3
to М10
10 from 30 to 50 from 10 to 50 51633 29777 4619 from М3
to М10
11 from 20 to 50 from 10 to 50 52025 30086 4621 from М3
to М10
12 from 30 to 60 from 0 to 360 54651 29950 4332 from М3
to М10
13 from -50 to 50 from 0 to 360 17816 4498 5312 from М5
to М10
Т Theoretical period from Formula (1). For reference.
5063
Diagram 1
3
Table 2
Dependence of the period on the magnitude
№
GEOGRAPHIC COORDINATES NUMBER OF
EARTHQUAKES MEAN
INTERVAL
IN
SECONDS
/ axis Y /
MAGNITUDE
/ axis X /
LENGTH WIDTH TOTAL FROM 0
TO 4 H.
1 from - 50 до 50 from 0 to 360 8110 1343 5468 М3
2 from - 50 до 50 from 0 to 360 6425 917 5951 М3.5
3 from - 50 до 50 from 0 to 360 7114 1018 6421 М4
4 from - 50 до 50 from 0 to 360 7543 910 6002 М4.5
5 from - 50 до 50 from 0 to 360 3572 259 5714 М5
6 from - 50 до 50 from 0 to 360 1153 35 6170 М5.5
7 from - 50 до 50 from 0 to 360 351 5 5060 М6
T
Theoretical period from Formula (1). For reference.
5063
Diagram 2
4
Mean interval between two earthquakes: 12 h 06 min
12,01
11,2
11,4
11,6
11,8
12
12,2
12,4
12,6
1973197519771979198119831985198719891991199319951997199
9200120032005200720092011 Avg
Table 3
Mean interval between two earthquakes under no
conditions
Year 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981
Hours 11,72 11,82 12,16 11,94 12,07 11,82 11,93 12,06
12,18
Seconds 42178 42540 43764 42994 43463 42553 42959 43409
43834
Year 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
Hours 11,82 11,87 12,02 11,90 12,06 11,80 11,92 12,04
12,15
Seconds 42539 42725 43287 42834 43425 42463 42919 43346
43746
Year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Hours 12,18 11,99 11,89 12,12 12,06 11,88 12,23 11,87
12,05
Seconds 43862 43162 42791 43631 43427 42786 44022 42725
43371
Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Hours 12,08 12,05 12,00 12,07 12,09 11,99 12,20 12,10
12,35
Seconds 43474 43383 43195 43453 43508 43161 43923 43575
44456
Year 2009 2010 2011 Average
(Avg)
Hours 11,67 11,93 12,20 12,01
Seconds 42020 42931 43923 43225
Diagram 3
5
Conclusions
In the part of Methods and Data it was mentioned about
a calculation made, of the mean value between two
earthquakes under no conditions, Table 3. The mean
interval between two earthquakes was 12.01 hours, ± 6
minutes
of error. This measurement coincides with the fact that
at one and the same physical moment, both tidal forces
exerted
on Earth and caused by the gravitation of the Moon are
at a distance of 12 hours from each other. These 12
hours
express the relationship between earthquakes and Moon
tidal forces exerted on Earth. We can read about Moon
tidal
forces in „Курс общей астрономии” (‘General Astronomy
Course’), 1983, by Bakulin, Kononovich and Moroz,
page 99. On page 101 of the same textbook, it is stated
that the elevation of the earth crust caused by the
Moon tidal
force can achieve several decimeters. The mean interval
between between two earthquakes happened within the
interval from 0 to 4 hours from all the 20 measurements
in Tables 1 and 2 is exactly 5078 seconds, or 1 hour,
24
minutes and 38 seconds. In the theory above, the period
of vibration of the earth axis was calculated. It is
equal to 1
hour, 24 minutes and 23 seconds. The difference of 15
seconds is insignificant. Such a coincidence can happen
only
and exclusively if the earth axis makes 24-hour
periodical vibrations with the theoretical period
mentioned above,
falling into synchronization with earthquake
epicenters. The shake of the Earth has been
rhythmically conveyed to
earthquakes too. But it means that not only tectonic
plates are the trigger of earthquakes. Provided that
synchronization is absolute, then a stronger earthquake
shall happen, as the points over the epicenter shall be
longer
under the impact of the Moon. The friction between the
layers decreases and if a seismic stress is
accumulated,
earthquake occurs. Layers begin to move. This can be
seen in line number 7 in Table 2. In this case the
theoretical
period and the interval between two earthquakes almost
coincide, i.e. the synchronization is absolute. This is
revealed
on Diagram 2. As an example we can refer to the
earthquake of the town of Pernik on May 22nd, 2012. The
main
shock occurred at 03:00 a.m., and 1 hour and 30 minutes
later, the second shock came, i.e. at 04:30 a.m., and
its
magnitude was 4.5. The difference in synchronization
was 6 minutes only. Where is the effect of the Moon in
this
case? That very day, the Moon was at its superior
culmination with respect to the latitude of Sofia. At
that very
moment, the tidal force of the Moon would make only one
movement on earth crust, which should be synchronized
with the shake of earth axis. Reference: ‘Astronomical
Calendar’, 2012, published by the Bulgarian Academy of
Sciences. Therefore, for full synchronization, the Moon
has to be at its superior culmination and then we shall
observe
two intensive shocks at an interval of 1 hour, 24
minutes and 23 seconds averagely.
A new picture of earthquake mechanism theory appears:
Tectonic plates only prepare earthquakes, accumulating
seismic stress, but the earthquake does not happen yet.
The Moon elevates the layers on both sides the Earth by
the tidal forces between the tectonic plates and, at
the right
moment, falls into synchronization with the shake of
the earth axis.
Swaying, the earth axis retains for a longer time the
points submitted to Moon gravitation and then all the
earthquakes
happen.
The more intensive earthquakes occur in the presence of
full synchronization and superior culmination of the
Moon
with respect to the corresponding geographical
coordinates.
Any other earthquakes occur in the presence of partial
synchronization. Reference: Diagram 2.
References
Astronomical Calendar, 2012 г., Bulgarian Academy of
Sciences
Bakulin, Kononovich, Moroz „Курс общей астрономии”
(‘General Astronomy Course’), 1983,
Earthquakes in USA Database, Internet, USG