| International
|
[
International ] [ Main Menu ] |
|
|
|
54359 |
|
|
Date: May 20, 2024 at 23:40:19
From: pamela, [DNS_Address]
Subject: NATO's Secret Armies Operation GLADIO and Terrorism in Western Europe |
URL: https://www.routledge.com/NATOs-Secret-Armies-Operation-GLADIO-and-Terrorism-in-Western-Europe/Ganser/p/book/9780714685007 |
|
book published 2005
NATO's Secret Armies
Operation GLADIO and Terrorism in Western Europe
This fascinating new study shows how the CIA and the
British secret service, in collaboration with the
military alliance NATO and European military secret
services, set up a network of clandestine anti-
communist armies in Western Europe after World War II.
These secret soldiers were trained on remote islands in
the Mediterranean and in unorthodox warfare centres in
England and in the United States by the Green Berets
and SAS Special Forces. The network was armed with
explosives, machine guns and high-tech communication
equipment hidden in underground bunkers and secret arms
caches in forests and mountain meadows. In some
countries the secret army linked up with right-wing
terrorist who in a secret war engaged in political
manipulation, harrassement of left wing parties,
massacres, coup d'états and torture.
Codenamed 'Gladio' ('the sword'), the Italian secret
army was exposed in 1990 by Italian Prime Minister
Giulio Andreotti to the Italian Senate, whereupon the
press spoke of "The best kept, and most damaging,
political-military secret since World War II"
(Observer, 18. November 1990) and observed that "The
story seems straight from the pages of a political
thriller." (The Times, November 19, 1990). Ever since,
so-called 'stay-behind' armies of NATO have also been
discovered in France, Spain, Portugal, Germany,
Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxemburg, Denmark, Norway,
Sweden, Finland, Switzerland, Austria, Greece and
Turkey. They were internationally coordinated by the
Pentagon and NATO and had their last known meeting in
the NATO-linked Allied Clandestine Committee (ACC) in
Brussels in October 1990.
Table of Contents
Author(s)
Critics' Reviews
Shipping Options
|
|
|
|
|
Responses:
[54381] [54388] [54374] [54377] [54386] [54366] [54382] |
|
54381 |
|
|
Date: May 21, 2024 at 13:21:05
From: akira, [DNS_Address]
Subject: Washington Post: CIA & Operation Gladio |
URL: https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1990/11/14/cia-organized-secret-army-in-western-europe/e0305101-97b9-4494-bc18-d89f42497d85/ |
|
This article was published more than 33 years ago
CIA ORGANIZED SECRET ARMY IN WESTERN EUROPE
PARAMILITARY FORCE CREATED TO RESIST SOVIET OCCUPATION
By Clare Pedrick
November 14, 1990
ROME, NOV. 13 -- A secret army created by the Central Intelligence Agency
during the 1950s to organize resistance in the event of a Soviet invasion of
Western Europe has finally come in from the cold, and the disclosures of its
past actions are producing a political flap that stretches across the continent.
The existence of a clandestine paramilitary network code-named "Operation
Gladio" was disclosed last Thursday by Italian Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti
in a speech to his nation's Senate. Since then, European officials have
described similar operations in most of the other NATO countries.
The CIA-backed paramilitary network included units in Belgium, France,
Greece, West Germany and the Netherlands, according to European
newspaper and news-service reports.
"The operation was expanded to all of Western Europe by 1959," including
neutral Sweden and Switzerland, according to a story scheduled to appear
Wednesday in the German newspaper Die Welt.

European officials familiar with the paramilitary network have come forward
in the past several days and described stockpiles of weapons and explosives
hidden in Western European countries since the start of Cold War, news
services have reported. The arms were to be used by hundreds of resistance
fighters trained to counter a Soviet invasion, the officials said.
A Belgian former army intelligence official quoted by the Associated Press
today said at least six arms caches were spread over the countryside in his
nation until two months ago. In addition, the wire service quoted a Dutch ex-
defense minister who said large weapons dumps also existed there and that
some were discovered over the past decade.
Andreotti told the Italian Parliament that at the height of Cold War tensions in
the late 1950s and early 1960s, the Italian unit had hidden caches of arms at
depots throughout the country. The operation has now been scaled down,
Andreotti said, but more than 600 people remain on the payroll.
Andreotti said he believes the operation should now be dismantled, given the
new "climate which has freed us from the nightmare of wars and divisions."
In Washington, a U.S. government official familiar with Operation Gladio --
Italian for "sword" -- said the continued existence of the force in Italy was
"solely an Italian operation. We have no control over it whatsoever." The
official would not comment on allegations that Gladio was part of a broad
resistance network throughout Western Europe.
Andreotti disclosed the covert operation after a Venetian magistrate, Felice
Casson, stumbled on its existence during an investigation into a neo-fascist
terrorist attack that took place 18 years ago.
The investigation revealed that the explosives used in a 1972 car-bombing
came from one of the 139 secret weapons depots kept for the use of Gladio
forces. The bomb, which killed three policemen near the town of Gorizia in
northeast Italy, was placed by neo-fascist activist Vincenzo Vinciguerra, who
was sentenced to life imprisonment.
Andreotti said the 139 arsenals were broken up in 1973, but that weapons
from 12 of them were never recovered.
Casson and fellow magistrate Carlo Mastelloni are now investigating possible
links between Operation Gladio and extreme right-wing terrorists who are
thought to have been responsible for a string of unsolved bombings in Italy
during the 1970s and early 1980s.
In Washington, the U.S. government official familiar with Gladio said, "If there
are allegations that the CIA was involved in terrorist activities in Italy, they are
absolute nonsense."
Andreotti said the United States first approached Italy as early as 1951, when
the CIA broached the idea of mounting what it called a "stay behind"
organization, one of several in post-war Europe.
The American and Italian intelligence agencies worked together, he said, to
establish a network of crack military troops, most of them concentrated in
the northeast near the Yugoslav border, where the threat of a Communist
invasion seemed most credible. In 1959, Operation Gladio came under the
umbrella of NATO, he added.
In Paris, the newspaper Liberation said the French arm of the secret network
was dissolved only after disclosures of the Italian operation created a
controversy. French Defense Minister Jean-Pierre Chevenement on Monday
confirmed France's involvement in the project.
The network was dissolved on presidential orders, Chevenement said,
declining to specify when the order was issued. For most of its existence, the
group had been "dormant," Chevenement said.
In Belgium, a Belgian former army intelligence official, Andre Moyen, told the
leftist newspaper Le Drapeau Rouge he knew of "at least six arms caches"
that existed in Belgium as recently as two months ago.
Henk Vredeling, the Dutch defense minister 1973-77, told the Associated
Press he had been briefed about the existence of weapons caches on Dutch
soil destined for behind-the-lines sabotage.
Belgian ex-defense minister Francois-Xavier de Donnea said paramilitary
"exercises were scrapped, perhaps as long as one or two years ago." During
his 1985-1988 tenure, he said he was briefed on network operations.
In Greece, where the anti-Communist network was known as Sheepskin,
caches of arms, ammunition, flashlights and other equipment were dug up
between 1985 and 1988, when the network was dismantled, the AP said.
In a television interview on Italy's Channel 4, former CIA director William
Colby confirmed the U.S. role in Italy's secret army and described how he
was sent to Stockholm in 1951 to set up a similar network in Scandinavia.
Colby, who headed the CIA from 1973 to 1976, also revealed that U.S.
intelligence agencies channeled large sums to Italy's right-of-center
Christian Democrats and other "anti-Communist" political parties during the
Cold War era -- a connection that has long been alleged by Italy's left-wing
parties. The money, said Colby, was used to ensure that Italy did not "fall into
Communist hands.
Meanwhile, details have emerged of the role played by civilians in the secret
operation. One of them, Verona businessman Roberto Cavallaro, told the
Italian newsmagazine L'Espresso that he was recruited after taking part in
anti-Soviet demonstrations. In the event of a Communist takeover, his task
would have been to cause as much civil unrest as possible, Cavallaro said.
Cavallaro described how he was paid 700,000 lire (now worth $635) each
month, which was handed to him in a yellow envelope by one of the two
intelligence officials who had recruited him. He left the organization in 1973,
he said, after he heard of a plot to murder two former Communists, one male
and one female. The plan was later abandoned.
Staff writer George Lardner in Washington contributed to this report.
|
|
|
|
|
Responses:
[54388] |
|
54388 |
|
|
Date: May 21, 2024 at 17:43:30
From: pamela, [DNS_Address]
Subject: Re: Washington Post: CIA & Operation Gladio |
|
|
Thanks for the report-- from WAPO yet. Makes me wonder
if WAPO will ever try to retract or walk back anything
about this info. Likely not- its just swept under the
rug per usual. Yeah those special forces units are
special alright-totally destroys those who are taken in
by them- morally, spiritually. AND THEN WHEN THEY TRY TO
GET OUT, their lives are threatened for the rest of
their days if not destroyed.
|
|
|
|
|
Responses:
None |
|
54374 |
|
|
Date: May 21, 2024 at 10:50:43
From: Redhart, [DNS_Address]
Subject: Re: NATO's Secret Armies Operation/CT /Russian prop/questionable |
URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniele_Ganser |
|
Wowows material, for sure:
.."Daniele Ganser (born 29 August 1972, in Lugano[2])
is a Swiss author and conspiracy theorist.[3] He is
best known for his 2005 book NATO's Secret Armies...
...Ganser calls into question the conclusions of the
9/11 Commission.[26] [27] He also promotes skepticism
of the COVID-19 pandemic.[28][29] Americanist Michael
Butter calls Ganser the "best-known conspiracy theorist
in the German-speaking world". His public doubts about
the "official version" of the 9/11 attacks had led to
the termination of his university employment.[30]
In 2023, Gansers presentations are considered to
contain anti-Americanism, historical negationism,
Kremlin propaganda, alternative facts and half-truths
and have an audience of over 1000 people in Germany.
[31][32][33][34][35] Ganser implies that government and
mainstream media would predetermine the way of thinking
of the population.[36] The content of Ganser's
presentations is popular with a target audience of
"conspiracy theorists and democracy skeptics".[37] The
director of the Institute for defence policy of the
Kiel University, Joachim Krause, criticized: "Mr.
Ganser is not a scientist. He's a dumbing down
entrepreneur who makes his living by contaminating the
brains of people with conspiracy fantasies."[38] Eva
Binder and Magdalena Kaltseis from University of
Innsbruck described Ganser his presentation in Magic
Castle of Austrian city Seefeld in Tirol as
"pseudoscientific.."
|
|
|
|
|
Responses:
[54377] [54386] |
|
54377 |
|
|
Date: May 21, 2024 at 11:41:31
From: pamela, [DNS_Address]
Subject: Re: NATO's Secret Armies Operation/CT /Russian prop/questionable |
URL: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/765633.NATO_s_Secret_Armies |
|
I preferred reading reviews of this book. Interesting.
I knew a man who was part of special forces "working" in
C and S America... I know the See eye a and the US
military does these things. Wiki is very questionable
narrative on real history. It doesn't belong on wows,
its our "history", the US's and the worlds.
|
|
|
|
|
Responses:
[54386] |
|
54386 |
|
|
Date: May 21, 2024 at 16:31:41
From: Redhart, [DNS_Address]
Subject: Re: NATO's Secret Armies Operation/CT /Russian prop/questionable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Responses:
None |
|
54366 |
|
|
Date: May 21, 2024 at 09:48:11
From: mitra, [DNS_Address]
Subject: Re: NATO's Secret Armies Operation GLADIO and Terrorism in Western... |
|
|
Wasn't that their job to counteract obvious communist
agression that took over Poland, East Germany, Hungary,
Czechoslovakia, etc. after the war?
|
|
|
|
|
Responses:
[54382] |
|
54382 |
|
|
Date: May 21, 2024 at 13:22:22
From: akira, [DNS_Address]
Subject: define " communist agression"(NT) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Responses:
None |
|
[
International ] [ Main Menu ] |